Session I. Assessment and Rehabilitation of Hydromorphological Processes in Rivers

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چکیده

Streams and their riparian zones provide typical examples of naturally speciesrich, dynamic habitats. Under natural conditions, spatial and temporal variation in flooding disturbance coincide with a strong hydrological gradient from the channel to the uplands, generating a heterogeneous environment with corresponding high plant and animal diversity. Yet, streams and their riparian zones are highly vulnerable freshwater systems which are increasingly threatened across the world by anthropogenic modifications, such as damming and channelization, as well as by projected increases in climate-induced droughts and flash floods. Severe losses of diversity along streams and their riparian zones, and the lack of ecological improvement after costly restoration programmes, call for detailed and mechanistic understanding of the regulation of species distributions and biodiversity in relation to the dynamic interactions of water flow, erosion and sedimentation. We present the results of a series of innovative hydromorphological stream restoration measures in The Netherlands, aimed at reconstructing the naturally dynamic and heterogeneous stream-riparian gradient of lowland sandy-substrate streams. These measures include re-meandering, channel excavation, narrowing of the stream profile and re-creation of a v-shaped stream valley with gently sloping riparian zones. We evaluate the achievements following these restoration measures in terms of vegetation rehabilitation and plant diversity and report on the mechanisms that contributed to successes. More specifically, we evaluate whether restoration of stream hydromorphology is sufficient, considering other abiotic limitations (water and soil quality) and biotic limitations (availability of nearby source populations to allow colonization of the restored sites).

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تاریخ انتشار 2015